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Vegetative Plant Propagation Outline

 

 

Why
      Plants may be propagated to obtain new varieties or to obtain exactly the same variety.  Vegetative reproduction will usually produce a plant that is identical in genetic  make-up to the parent.

 

How

      Adventitious root and shoot cells occur in many species of plants in unexpected places.  Their development into the root or shoot is dependent on many factors.  One factor is hormones that are produced by the plant or that are introduced by the propagator. Commercial preparations such as Hormodin or Roottone can supply the hormones.

 

Where can the root or shoot cells be found?

      Articulations (Cacti)

      Bulbs, leaf scales, basal plate (scoring)

            Tulip, Daffodil, Lilies (grow from scales), Onion

      Bulblets

      Bulbils

      Corms -- solid (Crocus, Gladiolus)

      Cormels

      Crowns (Division) Many perennials such chrysanthemum

      Leaves or leaf segments

      Leaf segment or whole (Rex begonia)

      Leaf-bud (Jade plant)

      Leaf-petiole (African Violet)

      Meristem tissue

      Offsets, Proliferations and Flowering stems.

            Kalanchoe (Mother of Thousands)

            Chlorophytum (Airplane plant)

      Pseudobulbs (Orchids)

      Rhizomes (Iris)

      Roots (Poppy, Horseradish, Red Raspberry

      Stems

            Cuttings (slips)

              Hardwood

              Herbaceous

              Semi-hardwood

              Softwood

              Terminal shoots

              Non-terminal shoots

              Heel cuttings

              Mallet cuttings

      Stolons and runners

            Bermuda grass, strawberries

      Suckers (form from buds on roots) Cottonwood, Poplar     

      Tubers-- modified stems, eyes

       Natural divisions (must have growing point) (Dahlia)

       Seed sections (potatoes)

      Tuberous roots (sweet potatoes)     

Conditions for new plant initiation

      Callus formation

      Disease protection-- Fungicide

      Humidity

            Glass

            Terraria

            Plastic

            Constant mist

            Intermittent mist

      Light

      Proper Temperature

      Rooting media

            Sharp sand

            Vermiculite

            Perlite

            Peat moss

            Soil

            Water

      Using Hormones

 

Methods

      Air-layering
      Budding

      Cuttings

            Polarity

      Grafting

            Compatability

            Types

              Whip or Tongue

              Side or Stub

              Saddle

              Cleft    

      Layering

            Mound

            Continuous

            Serpentine

            Tip

      Meristem Culture

            Laboratory conditions required

 

Exceptions

      Chimeras (two or more types of genetic material growing side by side.)
      Mutations
      Aging in clones

      Juvenile and adult characteristics

 

SOME SPECIFICS;

            African violet;  easy to grow from leaf w/petiole.  Multiple plantlets, divide while small

            Begonias;  Leaves, cuttings and tuber divisions (if tuberous)
            Cactus; cuttings, segments or articulations. Allow to dry for several days.  Place on sandy or gravelly soil.   

            Chrysanthemum;  Divisions or softwood cuttings.

            Dahlias;  Tuber division (with a growing point) or tip cuttings.

            Ferns;  divide

            Geraniums;  tip cuttings, allow to callous for at least over night.

            Grapes;  Cuttings with 3 to 4 buds.

            Hyacinth;  Cut up bulb, score or hollow out basal plate.

            Impatiens;  Cuttings in water
            Iris;  Divide fans and plant healthy rhizomes with a fan of leaves.

            Kalanchoe; Cuttings or leaves of some species or offsets from some leaves.

            Lilies;  Bulbs, Bulbils, Bulb scales

            Orchid; Division

            Oriental Poppy; Root parts

            Phlox; Crown division

            Sanseveria;  (Mother-in-Laws Tongue) Division or Leaf pieces           

References;

      Plant Propagation Principles and Practices.  Hartman and Kester

      Handbook on Propagation, Brooklyn Botanic Garden publication

Click here: Floriculture: Fact Sheets: Specific Crops: Production Guidelines for Osteospermum, Angelonia, Calibrachoa & Orname

08/29/2004

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