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Vegetative Plant Propagation Outline
Why
How Adventitious root and shoot cells occur in many species of plants in unexpected places. Their development into the root or shoot is dependent on many factors. One factor is hormones that are produced by the plant or that are introduced by the propagator. Commercial preparations such as Hormodin or Roottone can supply the hormones.
Where can the root or shoot cells be found? Articulations (Cacti) Bulbs, leaf scales, basal plate (scoring) Tulip, Daffodil, Lilies (grow from scales), Onion Bulblets Bulbils Corms -- solid (Crocus, Gladiolus) Cormels Crowns (Division) Many perennials such chrysanthemum Leaves or leaf segments Leaf segment or whole (Rex begonia) Leaf-bud (Jade plant) Leaf-petiole (African Violet) Meristem tissue Offsets, Proliferations and Flowering stems. Kalanchoe (Mother of Thousands) Chlorophytum (Airplane plant) Pseudobulbs (Orchids) Rhizomes (Iris) Roots (Poppy, Horseradish, Red Raspberry Stems Cuttings (slips) Hardwood Herbaceous Semi-hardwood Softwood Terminal shoots Non-terminal shoots Heel cuttings Mallet cuttings Stolons and runners Bermuda grass, strawberries Suckers (form from buds on roots) Cottonwood, Poplar Tubers-- modified stems, eyes Natural divisions (must have growing point) (Dahlia) Seed sections (potatoes) Tuberous roots (sweet potatoes) Conditions for new plant initiation Callus formation Disease protection-- Fungicide Humidity Glass Terraria Plastic Constant mist Intermittent mist Light Proper Temperature Rooting media Sharp sand Vermiculite Perlite Peat moss Soil Water Using Hormones
Methods
Air-layering Cuttings Polarity Grafting Compatability Types Whip or Tongue Side or Stub Saddle Cleft Layering Mound Continuous Serpentine Tip Meristem Culture Laboratory conditions required
Exceptions
Chimeras
(two or more types of genetic material growing side by side.) Juvenile and adult characteristics
SOME SPECIFICS; African violet; easy to grow from leaf w/petiole. Multiple plantlets, divide while small
Begonias; Leaves, cuttings and tuber divisions (if tuberous) Chrysanthemum; Divisions or softwood cuttings. Dahlias; Tuber division (with a growing point) or tip cuttings. Ferns; divide Geraniums; tip cuttings, allow to callous for at least over night. Grapes; Cuttings with 3 to 4 buds. Hyacinth; Cut up bulb, score or hollow out basal plate.
Impatiens; Cuttings in water Kalanchoe; Cuttings or leaves of some species or offsets from some leaves. Lilies; Bulbs, Bulbils, Bulb scales Orchid; Division Oriental Poppy; Root parts Phlox; Crown division Sanseveria; (Mother-in-Laws Tongue) Division or Leaf pieces References; Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Hartman and Kester Handbook on Propagation, Brooklyn Botanic Garden publication 08/29/2004
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